⏱Surrealism⏱
The Surrealism Art Movement developed in Europe between World Wars I & II & arose principally out of the earlier rebellious & boundary pushing Dada movement. (#Dadaism)
Rene Magritte - The Son of Man
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⏱#Surrealism⏱
“The Surrealism movement represented a reaction against what members saw as the destruction by the “rationalism” that had guided European culture & politics in the past & had culminated in the horrors of WW I.”
The Persistence of Memory, Salvador Dali
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⏱Surrealism⏱
André Breton published The Surrealist Manifesto in 1924.
exquisitecorpse.com/assets/manifes…
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Surrealism was a means of reuniting conscious & unconscious realms of experience so completely that the world of dream & fantasy would be joined to the everyday rational world in “an absolute reality, a surreality.”
Man Ray
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⏱Surrealism⏱
“Drawing heavily on theories adapted from Sigmund Freud, Breton saw the unconscious as the wellspring of the imagination, however not driven by logic, but rather the psychological unconscious thought processes”
The Lovers - Rene Magritte
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Surrealist painting was influenced not only by Dadaism but also by the fantastic and grotesque images of earlier painters such as Hieronymus Bosch.
The Garden of Earthly Delights Triptych - Hieronymus Bosch - circa between 1490 - 1510
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Francisco Goya & closer contemporaries such as Odilon Redon, Giorgio de Chirico, and Marc Chagall.
Influencer
Witches' Flight (1797-98) by Francisco Goya
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⏱Surrealism⏱
“The practice of Surrealist art strongly emphasized methodological research and experimentation, stressing the work of art as a means for prompting personal psychic investigation & revelation.”
Influencer
Odilon Redon - Portrait of Violette Heymann
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“Breton, however, demanded firm doctrinal allegiance. Thus, although the Surrealists held a group show in Paris in 1925, the history of the movement is full of expulsions, defections, & personal attacks.”
Influencer
Hector and Andromache - Giorgio de Chirico
⏱Surrealism⏱
Influencer
The Cat - Giorgio de Chirico
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Influencer
Artist at Easel - Marc Chagall
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Influencer
Marc Chagall's "I and the Village" 1911
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Notable Surrealists include Jean Arp, Max Ernst, André Masson, René Magritte, Yves Tanguy, Salvador Dalí, Pierre Roy, Paul Delvaux, and Joan Miró.
Frond and Navel - Jean Arp
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⏱Surrealism⏱
The work of these artists is too diverse to be summarized categorically as the Surrealist approach in the visual arts.
Petite Sphinx - Jean Arp
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Each artist sought his own means of self-exploration. Some pursued a spontaneous revelation of the unconscious, freed from the controls of the conscious mind.
The Triumph of Surrealism - Jean Arp
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Miró, used Surrealism as a liberating starting point for an exploration of personal fantasies, conscious or unconscious, often through formal means of great beauty.
Joan Miró, Harlequin's Carnival (1924/1925)
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⏱Surrealism⏱
One extreme is exemplified at its purest by the works of Arp, the viewer is confronted with images, usually biomorphic, that are suggestive but indefinite.
Joan Miró - Tilled.Ashx
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Ernst, Masson, and Miró followed an organic, emblematic, or absolute approach to Surrealism.
Jean Arp
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⏱Surrealism⏱
The viewer is confronted by a world that is completely defined and minutely depicted but that makes no rational sense:
Oedipus Rex by Max Ernst, 1922
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⏱Surrealism⏱
“One can find recognizable, realistically painted images are often removed from their normal contexts & reassembled within an ambiguous, paradoxical, or provoking framework.”
André Masson - The Moon - 1938
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⏱Surrealism⏱
“The work aims to provoke a sympathetic response in the viewer, forcing him to acknowledge the inherent “sense” of the irrational and logically inexplicable.”
René Magritte - Peintre Belge
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⏱Surrealism⏱
The most direct form of this approach was taken by Magritte in simple but powerful paintings e.g. portraying a normal table setting that includes a plate holding a slice of ham, from the center stares a human eye.
René Magritte - The Portrait
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Dalí, Roy, and Delvaux rendered similar but more complex alien worlds that resemble compelling dreamlike scenes.
Salvador Dalí - Sleep
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⏱Surrealism⏱
A number of specific techniques were devised by the Surrealists to evoke psychic responses.
Yves Tanguy - Through Birds Through Fire But Not Through Glass
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Among these were frottage (rubbing with graphite over wood or other grained substances) & grattage (scraping the canvas) both developed by Ernst to produce partial images, which were to be completed in the mind of the viewer.
Salvador Dali
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Also, automatic drawing, a spontaneous, uncensored recording of chaotic images that “erupt” into the consciousness of the artist; and found objects.
Pierre Roy - A Naturalist’s Study - 1938
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Surrealism provided a major alternative to the contemporary, highly formalistic Cubist movement and was largely responsible for perpetuating in modern painting the traditional emphasis on content.
Le chou-fleur, 1931 - Pierre Roy
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Paul Delvaux - Le bout du monde - 1969
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Paul Delvaux - Le Tunnel - 1978
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Though it was a movement dominated by men, female artists such as Dorothea Tanning, Kay Sage, Leonora Carrington, and Meret Oppenheim were essential members of the Surrealist group.
Dorothea Tanning - watercolor
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Dorothea Tanning - The Truth About Comets -1945
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Kay Sage
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Kay Sage
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Their role in the movement was explored in depth by scholar Whitney Chadwick in her groundbreaking book Women Artists and the Surrealist Movement (1985).
Whitney Chadwick
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Leonora Carrington – And Then We Saw the Daughter of the Minotaur, 1953
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Leonora Carrington
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Meret Oppenheim -Sculpture
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Meret Oppenheim - Giacometti’s Ear
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Man Ray - Tears - 1934
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⏱Surrealism⏱
Man Ray - Observatory Time, The Lovers - 1936
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⏱Surrealism⏱
👉🏼Please jump in and add your favorites from this era or images influenced by this movement.
👉🏼Coloring outside the lines is welcome & encouraged.
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⏱Surrealism⏱
♥️Next up is The Ashcan School.
If you like Impressionism, you will like #TheAshcanSchool:
Everett Shinn - Fifth Anenue
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Stay tuned!
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