17/ I use cardiac MRI frequently for non-invasive evaluation in AL. Still, you will need biopsy proof of amyloid somewhere in the body before most hematologists will treat.
Aortic stenosis: ATTR and AS coexist in the elderly. Common cause of LFLG AS. We have described this @maz_hanna@ClevelandClinic as well as @JoaoLCavalcante, NAC, Columbia, +more. 16% of TAVRs and 30% of LFLG AS with EF<50% may have ATTR.
19/ Carpal tunnel syndrome: about 10% of patients will have Congo red in tenosynovial tissue at time of surgery and some will have cardiac involvement. Opportunity for early diagnosis, monitoring, treatment. 2 abstracts at ISA meeting and publication from us in the coming weeks.
20/ Hypertensive patients with renal disease, particularly African Americans, will have an echo that mimics amyloidosis including apical sparing strain pattern. Don’t be fooled!
21/ PROGNOSIS
Staging systems from @MarthaGrogan1@ADispenzieri@MorieGertz at @MayoClinic involve Troponin T, NTproBNP, and free light chain difference (for AL). Diagnosing subtype is important due to difference in prognosis!
22/ TREATMENT
Mainstay of therapy in AL with symptomatic HF is CyBorD (cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone). Daratumumab if +myeloma. High dose melphalan + autologous stem cell transplant in those with lower Mayo stage and lower # organs involved. (evolving)
23/ Treatment in ATTR is very exciting. Onpattro (patisiran) just approved by FDA from @Alnylam. Results of ATTR-ACT for tafamidis from @Pfizer expected within the week at #ESCCongress. Inotersen @Akceatx coming soon.
24/24
Lots of nuance to many of these points, but I hope this was a helpful general overview and primer on #amyloidosis. The future is bright in this “rare” disease!
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A protein misfolding disorder in which one of thirty-five distinct proteins pathologically misfolds and aggregates extracellularly as insoluble amyloid fibrils, ultimately leading to organ dysfunction.
3/ You can see that other diseases like Alzheimer’s involve amyloid deposition. We will focus on two types of amyloidosis that affect the heart and nervous system: immunoglobulin light chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis.