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1. Thread. Amazingly helpful report by the Center for American Progress re: voting machine security measures in all 50 states! I will go through some of the swing state findings here. #paperballots #PaperBallotsNow #RiskLimitingAudit #ProtectOurVotes americanprogress.org/issues/democra…
2. Florida graded "unsatisfactory" re: use of paper: "Depending on the jurisdiction, some voters in Florida cast paper ballots, while others vote using paperless DRE machines." 
3. Florida graded "unsatisfactory" re: post-election audits: "While Florida conducts a form of post-election review, its use of paperless DRE machines prevents it from carrying out audits that can confirm the accuracy of election outcomes... "
4. FLA's audits are also "unsatisfactory" bc "There is no...reqmt that an audit escalate [to a full recount] in the event that preliminary outcomes are found to be incorrect," & "There is no...reqmt on whether an audit can reverse election results if an error is detected."
5. FLA was rated "incomplete" re: voter registration cybersecurity standards because state officials refused to provide any information! 
6. OH graded "fair" re: use of paper bc it uses both paper ballots and touchscreens w/ Voter Verifiable Paper Records ("VVPR"). VVPRs are the same as Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trails ("VVPATs"). VVPATs are almost as bad as paperless, as explained here: medium.com/@jennycohn1/to… 
7. OH graded "fair" re: post-election audits. While jurisdictions may
use a “simple, percentage-based post-election audit or a risk-limiting audit,” the
state recommends conducting risk-limiting audits. The state’s post-election audits are conducted through manual hand count.
use a “simple, percentage-based post-election audit or a risk-limiting audit,” the
state recommends conducting risk-limiting audits. The state’s post-election audits are conducted through manual hand count.
8. OH graded "incomplete" re: voter registration system cybersecurity measures because it would not provide information on this issue! 
9. Michigan rated "good" re: its use of paper because it deploys paper ballots throughout the state. 
10. But Michigan's post-election audits received a grade of "unsatisfactory" because the "review does not compare ballot totals in a meaningful way." 
11. Michigan received a grade of "fair" re: its voter registration systems. 
12. BTW, Michigan allows a recount only if the margin is 2,000 votes or less, & election officials get to decide if the recount will be conducted by hand or machine. Candidates or voters can also petition for recounts at their OWN EXPENSE if they assert “fraud of mistake.”
13. Source for post 12. (This info. did not come from the Center for American Progress report.)
ceimn.org/ceimn-state-re…
ceimn.org/ceimn-state-re…
14. While I'm discussing recounts, Florida allows a hand recount only if the victory margin is less than .25%! This tells hackers that they can avoid a hand recount simply by flipping enough votes so that this margin is exceeded.
ceimn.org/ceimn-state-re…
ceimn.org/ceimn-state-re…
15. Similarly, Ohio allows a hand recount of state-wide elections only if the margin of victory is .25% or less ! ceimn.org/ceimn-state-re… …
16. The Center for American Progress report gave Pennsylvania a grade of "unsatisfactory" re: its use of paper bc whereas some counties use paper ballots, others [JSC Note: 80%] use paperless machines. On 2/9, PA passed a law to improve this, but the law has glaring holes. 
17. PA's post-election audits received a grade of "unsatisfactory." 
18. On the bright side, PA received a grade of "good" regarding its voter registration system cybsersecurity measures. 
19. WI received a grade of "fair" re: its use of paper bc it uses a combination of paper ballots & touchscreens w/ VVPRs. I think this grade is overly generous. As explained in my Medium article, VVPRs (aka VVPATs) are almost as bad as paperless machines. medium.com/@jennycohn1/to… 
20. WI received a grade of "unsatisfactory" re: its post-election audits. 
21. WI received a grade of "good" re: its cybsersecurity standards for voter registration. 
22. WI does not appear to have any sort of mandatory recount law at all! Rather, candidates can petition 4 a recount AT THEIR OWN EXPENSE based on mistake or fraud & they have the burden to prove why the recount must be conducted by hand vs machine.
ceimn.org/ceimn-state-re…
ceimn.org/ceimn-state-re…
23. In 2016, recall that the court refused to order a hand recount in Wisconsin, leaving the issue up to the counties. jsonline.com/story/news/pol…
24. Although a few Wisconsin counties HAND recounted voluntarily, most LARGE counties REFUSED! d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/jillstein/page… … … 
25. As indicated in this Thread, most recount laws allow hand recounts (if at all) only if the victory margin is less than a small percent (e.g., .5% or .25%), which merely tells hackers that they can avoid a hand recount by flipping enough votes to exceed that margin.
26. Thus, in addition to switching to 100% paper ballots, states must implement laws requiring meaningful post-election audits for every race. Experts recommend a type of manual statistical audit called a Risk Limiting Audit & thus we must demand that states take their advice.
27. I discuss Risk Limiting Audits ("RLAs") in posts 5-8 of the Thread linked here:
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28. Plz note that I disagree w/ the American Progress report to the extent it deems VVPR's (aka VVPATs) "satisfactory." As discussed in my Medium article, VVPATs are hard to audit. Voters rarely review them for accuracy & don't notice flips when they do. medium.com/@jennycohn1/to…
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